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João Pessoa ((:ʒʊˈɐ̃w peˈsoɐ)) is the capital of the state of Paraíba in Brazil. It was founded in 1585 and sometimes is called ''the city where the sun rises first'', as it is the easternmost city in the Americas at 34° 47′ 38″ W, 7° 9′ 28″ S. Its easternmost point is known as Ponta do Seixas. The city is considered "the second greenest in the world", with more than of forested land, second only to Paris, France. It gained this distinction in 1992 after a survey of urban centres in various countries carried out by the United Nations (source: Embassy of Brazil in the UK). The city is characterized by the juxtaposition of tropical beaches, modern architecture, and historic buildings from colonial periods. João Pessoa is the capital of Paraíba, a state in the northeast region of Brazil and home to 19th and 20th century Brazilian poets and writers such as Augusto dos Anjos, José Américo de Almeida, José Lins do Rego, and Pedro Américo. It took its current name in 1930 in homage to state president (governor) João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, who was assassinated on 26 July of that year. It is the state's largest city, with a population of circa 770,000 (about one sixth of the state's population〔2010 IBGE〕). Its metropolitan area comprises eight other satellite cities (Bayeux, Cabedelo, Conde, Lucena, Santa Rita, and others), totalling 1,223,000 of inhabitants. It is the capital with the shortest distance from another capital (Recife), which is approximately away, as well as Natal, north of João Pessoa. Due to the high growth rate of these three capital cities, it is believed that for the next few decades an informal megalopolis will be set up, especially between Recife and João Pessoa. The city is one of the oldest in the northeast of the country. Theatres, auditoriums, and convention centres are part of the available infrastructure in the city. The new Presidente Castro Pinto International Airport connects João Pessoa with many Brazilian cities. The new "Estação Ciência, Cultura e Artes" (Science, Culture and Art Station), located at the most eastern point of the Americas (''Ponta das Seixas''), is both an educational and cultural institution as well as a national landmark. The complex, inaugurated in 2008, was created by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and is one of his last projects. ==History== João Pessoa is the third oldest city in Brazil.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Introducing João Pessoa )〕 The area soon proved perfect for sugar production, with the French, the Dutch, and the Portuguese all fighting to control the Paraíba region as a place to grow the lucrative sugarcane. The fortress of Santa Catarina, near João Pessoa, was built by the Portuguese to protect the city from the invading Dutch, who soon became the greatest threat to Portuguese supremacy in Portugal's Colonial Brazil. From 1634 through 1654, the city was held by the Dutch, who renamed it ''Frederikstadt'' after their stadtholder Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. They renamed it ''Fort Margaretha'' after the mother of John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, Governor of Dutch Brazil (or New Holland). The names ''Nossa Senhora das Neves'' and ''Santa Catarina'' were restored after the Portuguese reoccupation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「João Pessoa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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